After decades of slow load growth, surging power demand from electrification of the US economy in a context of increased technical and environmental pressures poses multiple challenges for power markets and utilities, executives said April 16. Some of the executives, speaking at the S&P Global Commodity Insights Global Power Markets event in Las Vegas, suggested ways of meeting those challenges include improved and expanded generation and transmission technology. From about 1990 to about 2007, load growth in the Lower 48 states averaged about 2% a year, said Douglas Giuffre, senior director for North American power markets analysis at S&P Global Commodity Insights, but in the wake of the Great Recession, load growth slowed to about 0.2% a year, as energy efficiency efforts bore fruit. Combining utility projections with consultants employed by regional transmission organizations, “they had consistent load forecasts that over-projected,” Giuffre said. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation noticed this and revised its projected load growth percentages downward to about 0.5% in 2022, but more than doubled that projection in 2023 to about 1.2%, partly because of surging demand from data centers, Giuffre said. “For many parts of the country, this is a dramatic shift from where load growth had been to know what's expected to come,” Giuffre said. “And this is going to require a lot of utilities and RTOs to kind of wrestle with this question: How do you manage to meet this potentially rapidly growing demand that we just haven't seen? … What has changed, clearly, is the sudden discussion of data centers.” Data centers currently consume about 185 TWh a year, “the equivalent to all the residential electricity consumption in Florida and New York today.” Across the various RTOs, data center load is projected to add about 250 TWh, “the equivalent of adding Texas and California residential load,” Giuffre said. 'An uptick in gas' Such surging demand cannot reliably be served, at least in the short term, without adding natural gas-fired generation, Giuffre said. “Natural gas had been obviously for quite some time a leading resource in the market, but we're likely to be at a 25-year low in terms of new gas additions this year,” Giuffre said. However, S&P Global researched the integrated resource plans of several utilities, and “what we’re seeing is an uptick in gas either to replace existing coal-fired generation or as peaking capacity to support renewables.” Vincent Sorgi, president and CEO of PPL, the Allentown, Pennsylvania-based utility holding company, said, “The key to the clean energy transition and getting renewables deployed at scale is natural gas.” “Batteries right now are significantly more expensive than building new natural gas, and the new natural gas units are incredibly efficient,” Sorgi said during a “fireside chat” with Xizhou Zhou, vice president of the Gas, Power and Climate Solutions group at S&P Global. “I think, in general, politicians understand the value of natural gas so they seem to be a lot more amenable” to allowing its growth, Sorgi said, particularly if it is combined with carbon capture and sequestration or alternative fuels such as renewable natural gas or hydrogen. “So, I think you’ll continue to see that in integrated utilities … for more fossil generation,” Sorgi said. Cindy Crane, CEO of PacifiCorp, the Portland, Oregon-based utility holding company, said her company has proposed gas-fired generation to some utility regulators “under the condition that they’re capable to convert to hydrogen.” “We are saying that those are needed to bring that reliability for a longer term in our system,” Crane said. PacifiCorp is also pursuing nuclear power development in the form of a 385-MW small modular reactor pilot project with Bill Gates’ TerraPower, with groundbreaking schedule for June 10 in Caspar, Wyoming, Crane said. Transmission expansion PacifiCorp has also embarked on a 20-year transmission expansion plan involving 345 kV and 500 kV lines estimated to cost about $12 billion, with to of the larger segments resulting in a high-voltage network of more than 1,100 miles of line. “Then, we have several hundred miles more that are scheduled to be coming online between 2025 and 2028,” Crane said. Doug Cannon, president and CEO of NV Energy, which serves significant load centers in Las Vegas, Reno and Carson City, said his company is building more than high-voltage lines along the state’s western border to Reno, east across the middle of the state to Ely and then south to link up with NV Energy’s existing grid. “What you're going to see if you picture Nevada, there's going to be a giant 500-kV triangle that goes around the entire state that is going to improve reliability for our customers [and] dispatch our system in a more efficient way, dropping energy costs for customers,” Cannon said. “It's also going to open up a lot of area that previously could not be developed for renewable energy. There's tremendous solar potential along the west side of the state of Nevada, where there was no transmission. In addition, in the center part of the state, there's more solar potential, as well as improve the geothermal potential.”

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India must keep investing in the upstream sector to ensure higher oil and gas production to avoid possible supply problems or volatile energy prices, as it embraces technologies that are more environment friendly, Mannish Mahesshwari, CEO of Invenire Energy, told S&P Global Commodity Insights. "Flipping the lens to energy security, sustained under investment in upstream without substitutional capacity and substantial scale in clean and new energy could have far reaching consequences in the journey of just transition," Mahesshwari said on the sidelines of the India Energy Week in Goa. Most of assets of private equity backed Invenire are discovered fields in India that the company has acquired through secondary market purchases from other firms as well as through primary acquisitions directly from the government. The company also has assets in Indonesia and East Africa. The private upstream firm is looking to accelerate production of oil and gas from the discovered fields in its portfolio but has no plans to venture into exploration in the foreseeable future. "We are putting our money where our mind is. As a company, our ability to understand the rocks and the molecules is relatively better than the electrons. We are investing in today's energy system, which is mainly oil and helping in phasing out coal with the help of low-carbon gas," Mahesshwari said. He said that the transition to a world of net zero is more certain today than envisaged in 2015, the year of the Paris Agreement. However, it is the uncertainty around the energy transition pace that adds complexity and risk for upstream projects. The upstream industry has been avoiding spending on projects that would either lock in heavy emissions for years to come or quickly turn into stranded assets. Right focus Invenire currently holds stakes in nine blocks in India. Out of these, four are discovered small fields (DSF) blocks -- one in Assam and three in Mumbai offshore -- comprising a total of about 100 million barrels equivalent of oil and gas. Invenire holds a 100% stake in the four DSF acreages. The company has a small production portfolio of about 12,000 b/d but has plans to boost that volume to 35,000 b/d by 2025. According to S&P Global, Invenire Energy's upstream plans show ambition and promise, considering the wider competitive landscape in India. The company's experience of operating in a tough post-2014 upstream period that saw oil prices slump will certainly influence its post-2023 growth ambitions. For assets outside India, the company might have plans to become a non-operator joint venture partner to take stakes in small-to-medium sized producing assets. The company's focus has been on monetizing discovered resources, having both operator and non-operator portfolios, S&P Global said. Besides India, Invenire has producing fields with 45.55% participating interest in a material acreage located in South Sumatra Basin in Indonesia. "The upstream industry's main focus now is to deliver the supply required to meet demand. Most of the industry's oil and gas investment for the rest of this decade will target advantaged resources -- those with the lowest cost, least risk, and possibly lowest Scope 1 emissions. Beyond this decade, to meet demand, the industry will depend increasingly on late-life reserves growth from legacy supply sources." Mahesshwari said. Similar views Mahesshwari's views echoed comments made by state-run upstream producers ONGC Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. at the IEW conference. ONGC Ltd., which contributes about 74% of India's crude oil and around 63% of its natural gas production, has been actively looking to widen its upstream portfolio as it believes that oil and gas will be a major component of the country's energy mix for the next three decades, while pursuing new crude-to-chemicals projects to prepare for the changing energy landscape, its Chairperson Arun Kumar Singh told the conference. Oil India Ltd. is aiming to double its exploration acreage in the coming years and seeking partnerships to realize the hydrocarbon potential of offshore regions in Indian sedimentary basins, its Chairman and Managing Director Ranjit Rath said. Mahesshwari said that there is a need to take a balanced view of energy transition, adding that any shortfall in upstream investments can add to supply issues and volatile energy prices, as seen in recent years. While it's important to keep looking for opportunities to invest in low-carbon businesses, continuing to responsibly invest in the core upstream business will remain the priority for the company in the foreseeable future. "The potential in carbon capture utilization and storage is enormous, and the oil and gas sector has unique skills that make it ideally placed to lead in reducing CO2 and methane emissions and decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors through carbon upcycling," Mahesshwari said.

In a highly unusual move, Arizona utility regulators ordered their staff to draft new rules that would repeal the state's existing mandates for renewable energy and energy efficiency. The Feb. 6 order by the Arizona Corporation Commission, approved by a 4-1 vote at an open meeting, sets the Republican-led state apart from most other jurisdictions across the country, which are pushing utilities to source electricity from emissions-free sources. According to the Energy Information Administration, as of November 2022, 36 states and the District of Columbia had established renewable portfolio standards. In Arizona's case, the ACC first established the state's renewable energy standard and tariff in 2006. That standard requires regulated utilities to obtain 15% of their power from renewables no later than 2025. But the mandates have become unpopular with some Republicans, who claim the rules are raising prices for utility ratepayers since the costs utilities incur to comply with the rules are passed on to customers. In a joint press release Feb. 8, ACC Chairman Jim O'Connor and Commissioner Kevin Thompson claimed that the REST mandate has cost ratepayers about $2.3 billion since it was implemented in 2006. O'Connor said that at the time the REST rules were approved, then-Chairman Jeff Hatch-Miller promised that the commission would review the rules every year to ensure they remained in ratepayers' best interest. "Those reviews never occurred, and costs were never considered," O'Connor claimed. O'Connor also said that utilities often ended up acquiring power above market prices to comply with the renewables mandate. "Mandates distort market signals and are not protective of ratepayers," he claimed. The repeal of the REST rule has concerned some renewable developers, who say the action is part of a broader campaign in Arizona against renewable development by industry opponents. Speaking remotely to the Feb. 6 ACC meeting, Autumn Johnson, executive director of the Arizona Solar Energy Industries Association, claimed that "a half-dozen" bills have been proposed in the state legislature, "all intended to make it harder or more expensive to build utility-scale renewables." She also said that three local jurisdictions in the state have imposed moratoria or limits on new renewable projects. "I worry that, on top of all of this, the only state in the country to repeal what is already an extremely modest RPS sends the wrong signal to the industry," Johnson said. "It says, 'Take your business and your jobs and your dollars elsewhere.'" In addition to the REST mandate, the ACC's order also calls for revoking efficiency rules for both electric and gas utilities. Those rules, which went into effect in 2010, have cost ratepayers just under $1.1 billion to date, according to O'Connor and Thompson. "Living in Arizona, we all should be mindful to practice energy efficiency," Thompson said. "But too much focus has been placed on societal metrics and costly feel-good programs that don't prioritize ratepayer affordability and grid reliability." He added: "Once the mandates are removed, it will be incumbent upon Arizona's utilities to propose programs that actually work to benefit ratepayers and protect the integrity of our grid." In their statement, the two commissioners said the process of revoking the rules could take over a year due to a requirement for public comment and the need to submit the action for review by other state agencies.